This is a Kone elevator governor in operation. You know how, in movies, someone cuts the elevator cables and it plunges to certain doom? This mechanism prevents that. The rotating wheel has two flyweights, held back by springs. If the elevator moves too quickly in either direction, these will fly outwards and hit the stop arm at the top, electrically shutting off the elevator motor via a limit switch, and mechanically stopping it by driving wedges against the guide rails in the shaft. The rope running over the pulley seen here is seperate from the hoist ropes and only serves to activate safety mechanisms.
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